How to Change a Tyre: A Step-by-Step Guide

Changing a tyre is one of those life skills every driver should know. You never know when a flat tyre or a blowout could happen, and being prepared will save you time, money, and stress. In this guide, we’ll walk you through everything you need to know about changing a tyre, from identifying the signs of trouble to handling the job like a pro.

When Should You Change a Tyre?

Recognizing Signs of Wear and Tear

Tyres don’t last forever. Over time, you’ll notice signs like cracks, balding tread, or uneven wear. If the tread depth is less than 1.6mm (often indicated by built-in treadwear bars), it’s time for a change. A lack of grip, especially in wet conditions, is another red flag.

Tyre Puncture or Flat: What to Do?

A sudden puncture or flat tyre usually can’t be ignored. Whether you’re driving or parked, if you notice your tyre deflating, pull over safely and get ready to swap it out with a spare.

Tools Needed for Changing a Tyre

Before attempting to change a tyre, make sure you have the following tools in your vehicle:

Jack

This is essential for lifting your vehicle off the ground so you can remove the damaged tyre.

Lug Wrench

You’ll need this to loosen and tighten the lug nuts that hold the tyre in place.

Spare Tyre

Make sure it’s properly inflated and in good condition. Always check it when you check your other tyres.

Other Helpful Tools

Items like gloves, a flashlight (if you’re working in the dark), and wheel wedges to prevent the car from rolling are handy.

Steps to Safely Change a Tyre

1. Find a Safe Spot

If you’re on the road, pull over to a flat, safe spot. Avoid hills, and make sure your vehicle is off the road enough to avoid traffic.

2. Secure Your Vehicle

Put the car in park and engage the parking brake. Use wheel wedges to prevent any unwanted movement.

3. Loosen the Lug Nuts

Before you jack up the car, use the lug wrench to loosen (but not fully remove) the lug nuts. This will be easier while the vehicle is still on the ground.

4. Use the Jack to Lift the Vehicle

Position the jack under the car’s frame near the flat tyre. Consult your vehicle’s manual for the right jack points. Raise the car until the flat tyre is off the ground.

5. Remove the Flat Tyre

Once the car is lifted, fully remove the loosened lug nuts and take off the flat tyre.

6. Mount the Spare Tyre

Align the spare tyre with the lug bolts and hand-tighten the lug nuts.

7. Lower the Vehicle and Tighten the Lug Nuts

Carefully lower the vehicle and then tighten the lug nuts in a star or crisscross pattern to ensure even tightening.

Important Tips for Changing a Tyre

How Tight Should Lug Nuts Be?

Lug nuts should be tight enough to hold the tyre securely, but don’t overtighten them. Over-tightening can warp the brake rotors.

Rechecking Tyre Pressure

After installing the spare tyre, check its pressure with a gauge. Most spares require higher pressure, often around 60 psi.

Types of Spare Tyres

Full-Size Spare

A full-size spare is a regular tyre, just like the ones on your car. It allows you to continue driving as usual without restrictions, but it takes up more space in the boot.

Compact Temporary Spare (Donut Tyre)

These are smaller, lightweight tyres meant for temporary use. They’re not built for long-distance or high-speed driving.

The Role of Tyre Maintenance

Regular Pressure Checks

Ensure your tyres are properly inflated. Under-inflated tyres reduce fuel efficiency and can wear out faster, while over-inflation can reduce grip.

Rotating Your Tyres

To extend tyre life, rotate your tyres every 6,000 to 8,000 miles. This ensures even wear.

Inspecting Tyre Tread

Check your tread depth regularly. A simple trick is the “penny test”—if you can see all of Lincoln’s head when you insert a penny into the tread groove, it’s time for new tyres.

How Long Can You Drive on a Spare Tyre?

Temporary spare tyres are designed to get you to a repair shop, not for long-term use. Usually, it’s recommended to drive no more than 50 miles on a compact spare, and avoid speeds above 50 mph.

Common Mistakes to Avoid When Changing a Tyre

Forgetting to Loosen the Lug Nuts First: Loosening lug nuts before lifting the car is crucial. Otherwise, the wheel may spin while the car is elevated.
Not Tightening Lug Nuts Evenly: Always tighten in a crisscross pattern to distribute pressure evenly.
Driving Too Fast on a Spare Tyre: A spare is not a permanent solution; it’s a temporary fix.

What to Do After You’ve Changed the Tyre?

Double-Check Everything

Before driving off, ensure all lug nuts are tight and the spare tyre is secure.

Drive Slowly Initially

Take it easy for the first few miles to make sure everything feels right. You don’t want any surprises if the spare isn’t on correctly.

Visit a Mechanic for a Permanent Fix

As soon as you can, have a mechanic inspect the tyre or replace it to avoid further damage.

Preventing Tyre Issues in the Future

Choosing Quality Tyres

Investing in good tyres from reputable brands can help prevent flats and other issues.

Proper Inflation

Make sure your tyres are always inflated to the manufacturer’s recommended pressure. This is usually found in the car’s manual or on a sticker inside the driver’s door.

Regular Inspections

Get into the habit of regularly inspecting your tyres for wear and tear, and don’t hesitate to replace them when needed.

When Should You Call a Professional?

Complex Tyre Damage

If the tyre has suffered sidewall damage or you can’t figure out the issue, it’s best to let a professional handle it.

Unsafe Locations

If you’re stuck in a high-traffic area or feel unsafe, call for roadside assistance instead of trying to change the tyre yourself.

How to Choose the Right Tyres for Your Vehicle

Understanding Tyre Types

Not all tyres are the same. Research the best type for your car, considering factors like climate and driving conditions.

Matching Tyres to Driving Conditions

If you frequently drive in wet, snowy, or off-road conditions, look for tyres specifically designed for those environments.

Cost of Changing a Tyre: DIY vs. Professional

Changing a tyre yourself is free (as long as you have the tools),